Kawasan

Kawasan ini membentang pada tiga wilayah kabupaten di Propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, yaitu Kabupaten Buton (45.605 ha), Kabupaten Kolaka (12.825 ha) dan Kabupaten Kendari (46.764 ha). Titik pertemuan ketiga wilayah ini berada di tengah kawasan Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa Watumohai yaitu dipuncak pegunungan Mendoke yang sering disebut juga Segitiga Bukari (Buton, Kolaka, Kendari).

CLIMATE CHANGE DICTIONARY
A

Abatement
Refers to reducing the effects of greenhouse-gas emissions usually by reducing the emissions themselves. (1)

Adaptation
Adjustment of human activities or structures to accomodate open-ended climatic disruption. (Widely considered futile).

Adaptation Fund
The Adaptation Fund was established to finance concrete adaptation projects and programmes in developing countries that are Parties to the Kyoto Protocol. The Fund is to be financed with a share of proceeds from clean development mechanism (CDM) project activities and receive funds from other sources. For more information see: http://unfccc.int/cooperation_and_support/financial_mechanism/items/3659.php

Selain menebang emisi gas rumah kaca perusahaan dapat mengurangi emisi tidak bisa dihindari mereka melalui latihan yang dikenal sebagai offsetting karbon. Hal ini melibatkan investasi melalui pembelian kredit karbon dalam proyek reboisasi, energi terbarukan dan efisiensi energi. Setiap kredit karbon adalah setara dengan satu ton karbon, diganti melalui penggunaan energi terbarukan, dihindari melalui efisiensi energi atau sequestrated melalui kehutanan.

Karbon kompensasi adalah metode yang berguna untuk mengatasi perubahan iklim karena:

1. Menyediakan metode penghitungan dan mengurangi emisi CO2 kita;
2. Membantu meningkatkan kesadaran dampak pada perubahan iklim;
3. Dapat mengakibatkan penurunan emisi karbon dioksida yang spesifik ke suatu daerah, jika dilakukan  secara bertanggung jawab; dan
4. Menyediakan mekanisme untuk investasi di bidang teknologi bersih di mana itu sangat kurang, misalnya negara-negara berkembang.  Bertanggung jawab kompensasi proyek, misalnya PBB disetujui, dapat mengarah pada lingkup yang lebih luas pembangunan rendah karbon yang dapat tersebar di seluruh daerah, lebih lanjut mengurangi dampak perubahan iklim.

peta energi sultra

Lokasi Indonesia yang berada di ”ring of fire” dunia dengan banyaknya gunung api disamping memberikan dampak yang berbahaya juga memberikan anugerah akan tersedianya energi yang ramah lingkungan yaitu panas bumi. Potensi energi panas bumi yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia mencapai sekitar 28.000 MW dengan potensi sumber daya 13440 MW dan reserves 14.473 MW tersebar di 265 lokasi di seluruh Indonesia.

Potensi panas bumi di Kecamatan Lainea, Kabupaten Konawe Selatan (Konsel), Sulawesi Tenggara (Sultra) mampu membangkitkan listrik dengan daya 40 megawatt (MW) atau lebih dari separuh daya yang telah dimiliki Sultra saat ini yakni sekitar 68 MW.

panas bumi

“Sejauh ini belum ada langkah lebih jauh terkait rencana pembangunan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi Lainea. Kita baru dalam tahap pemasangan patok eksplorasi,” kata Burhanuddin.

Mengenai besarnya anggaran untuk pembangunan pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi ini pun, Burhanuddin mengaku belum bisa memperkirakan karena masih terlalu dini untuk memastikannya.

Yang jelas, mantan Wakil Presiden Jusuf Kalla sempat mengomentari potensi di Lainea ini saat berkunjung ke Sultra beberapa waktu lalu ketika masih menjabat sebagai wapres.

Kalla mengatakan, jika memang ada potensi panas bumi dengan kemampuan seperti itu lebih baik dimanfaatkan ketimbang menggunakan pembangkit tenaga uap dengan bahan bakar batu bara ataupun solar.

Potensi panas bumi Sultra ini pernah dibahas dalam rapat kerja antara Departemen ESDM dengan Komisi VII DPR RI, awal November lalu, yang menyebutkan ada sejumlah titik panas bumi yang dimiliki Sultra dan memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan di sektor kelistrikan.

Titik energi panas bumi tersebut tersebar di lima kabupaten, yakni Kecamatan Mangolo (Kolaka), Puriala dan Amohalo (Konawe), Laonti dan Lainea (Konsel), Torah, Kalende, Kanale, Kabangka (Buton), dan Gonda Baru (Baubau).

sumber : peta energi sultrahttp://beritadaerah.com/news.php?pg=berita_sulawesi&id=14234&sub=column&page=

Indonesia adalah negara tropis yang hanya mengalami dua musim, panas dan hujan. Matahari akan bersinar sepanjang tahun, meskipun pada musim hujan intensitasnya berkurang. Kondisi iklim ini menyebabkan matahari dapat menjadi alternatif sumber energi masa depan diIndonesia.Selain matahari, Indonesia juga mempunya icadangan minyak dan gas bumi yang relative banyak. Sebagian telah dieksploitasi. Masalahnya minyak dan gas bumi adalah sumber energi yang tidak terbarui. Tanpa pemakaian yang bijaksana suatu saat sumber tersebut akan habis. Selain itu,pembakaran minyak dan gas bumi menimbulkan polusi udara. Ketika isu lingkungan makin keras disuarakan oleh kelompok ‘hijau’, sumber energiyang ramah lingkungan dan terbarui menjadi asset berharga. Apalagi penggunaan energi suryaIndonesia saat ini masih kurang dari 5% total pemakaian energi nasional. Beberapa keuntungan menggunakan energi matahari di Indonesia adalah :

According to reports from the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), emissions resulting from energy sector became one of the main contributors to global warming . Recorded since the year 1970 until 2004, some sectors other than energy sector also plays a key role in contributing greenhouse gases  is the transport and industrial sectors (IPCC, 2007). Then realize that the field of energy planning is not just dwell on how to produce the energy supply that is able to meet customer needs and produce affordable energy in terms of cost, but also aims to take advantage of various technology options are more efficient in producing energy and also controlling the consumer side (through increased awareness of energy saving) to reduce the load energy demand. All this leads to the end on purpose to create a cleaner energy emissions.

Nowadays the need for human resource (HR) is reliable in the field of energy modeling very rapidly since the planning of activities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and encouraged by various state environmental organizations in the world. However, limited human resources in this field makes the demand and supply of human resources is not balanced. This limitation is caused by at least institute and an educational institution that organizes instruction in the field of energy planning.

There are a few energy-planning modeling commonly used by energy planners . Some of them have been used by several government institutions in Indonesia to conduct long-term energy projections, while some models are used by individuals. This occurs because some models are not freeware (free software), but sold in the price is not cheap, so it can be understood if only certain institutions that have and use it.

1. TIMES / MARKAL
MARKAL (Market allocation) is an optimization model of energy / environment / economy that is enriched with a variety of technology options. This model was designed by the International Energy Agency (IEA) Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP). MARKAL is a model that was matched with the input data that represent the projection of a long-term energy-environment (20-50 years) in a system specific national, regional, provincial and community levels deep. MARKAl system represented as a network of energy system that flows from the extraction of energy resources, energy conversion, and distribution of energy to consumers and also the use of energy at the consumer level. Each network in the MARKAL consists of three main pillars namely the technical coefficients (eg, capacity, power plant technology, and efficiency), coefisian environmental emissions (eg CO2, SOx, and NOx), and the economic coefficient (example: capital costs and time commercial energy). TIMES (The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System) to build a feature of MARKAL and EFOM (Energy Flow Optimization Model). Then to run the MARKAL needed some companion software elements such as user-interface (Answer and the Vedas), GAMS (a high-level modeling system) and software optimizations like Minos, CPLEX or OSL. Prices vary depending on the variant of this software is what will be used, the price range between 3000-15000 USD. Learn more biased views on http://www.etsap.org.

2. RETSCREEN
RETScreen International Clean Energy Project Analysis Software is used extensively to evaluate energy production, life-cycle costs and greenhouse emissions from various types of energy efficiency and renewable energy. RETScreen currently provides various analysis modules: wind energy, micro-hydro, PV, combined heat and power, biomass, solar heating, passive solar heating, ground-source Heat Pumps and refrigeration. This software uses the Windows platform and requires Excel as the main component. RETScreen used to getting for free on www.retscreen.net.

3. MESSAGE
MESSAGE developed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and used to formulate and evaluate alternative development strategies of energy supply. MESSAGE very flexible to use market analysis of energy / electricity and climate change issues, such as: lack of new investment, market penetration of new technologies, fuel availability and trade, and emissions to the environment. MESSAGE has the same characteristics with the MARKAL family and can only run on Windows XP. This software is free for the public sector, non-profit organizations and research organizations. For more details can be found at www.iaea.org.

4. MAED
Such as MESSAGE, MAED also developed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and used to evaluate future energy needs, with a range of time the medium to long term. MAED use scenarios based on socio-economic, technological and demographic development. Unlike MESSAGE, MAED can be used on Windows and LINUX platforms. The software is also free for the public sector, non-profit organizations and research organizations. For more details can be found at www.iaea.org.

5. LEAP
LEAP is a comprehensive modeling tool and an integration scenario that is based on energy and the environment. LEAP was built by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). Scenarios run on LEAP to calculate the energy consumption, conversion and also the energy produced in an energy system based on several assumptions, including population, economic development, technology and price. LEAP is famous for its use easy (user friendly). Unlike working with MARKAL optimization methodology, LEAP works based accounting methodology. This software only works on Windows platform and is designed to be integrated with Microsoft Office to facilitate the simulation results of the LEAP to exported to Office and vice versa. This software is provided free-license to users in developing countries. More info can be found at www.energycommunity.org
6. WASP

WASP (Wien Automatic System Planning) developed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to help design the expansion of power plants with fuel and a willingness to consider also the environmental factor. Like MAED and MESSAGE, WASP is also free for the public sector, non-profit organizations and research organizations. For more details can be found at www.iaea.org.